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| We are Members of The Tile Association |
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| PLANNING |
| TOOLS CHECKLIST |
- Spirit level
- Chalk line
- Straightedge
- Setsquare
- Plywood (if the floor needs lining)
- Trowels (gauging and notched)
- Grout float/squeegee
- Tile cutters/nippers
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- Tile rubbing block
- Sponge
- Tape measure
- Tile saw
- Spacers
- Pencil
- Clean, dry, soft cloth
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 TILE CALCULATOR
There are many different types of floor tiles
available, such as ceramic, quarry, terracotta,
marble and slate. Floor tiles are generally thicker
and larger than wall tiles.
One of the easiest methods for estimating how many tiles you need is to measure the floor area in
one direction. You can then estimate how many iles will
be needed to go across the floor (count half tiles as full ones).
Do the same for the other direction of the floor and the width of the
tile. Then multiply the numbers. This will give you the total number
of tiles needed to tile the floor area. Purchase some extra tiles to allow
for wastage.
Always purchase your tiles in one batch and work from several boxes to
achieve a good blend of shading.
CHOOSE THE RIGHT ADHESIVE,
GROUT AND TROWEL |
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| Surface to be tiled |
Adhesive |
Grout |
Trowel |
| Tongue & Groove Plywood Chipboard |
BAL Fast Flex |
BAL Wide Joint Grout +
Bal Admix GT1
diluted 1:1
with water |
BAL Solid Bed
Tipped Trowel |
| Vinyl tiles Screed Concrete Plywood overlay |
BAL Single Part Flexible BAL Rapidset |
BAL Superflex
Wide Joint |
BAL Thick Bed Solid Bed Trowel |
| Ceramic glazed tiles |
BAL Goldstar +
BAL Admix AD1 |
BAL Superflex
Wide Joint |
BAL Thick Bed
Solid Bed Trowel |
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NB: When using a large format tile, i.e. a tile larger than 300 x 300mm,
use BAL PTB Flexible with a BAL Large Format Trowel. The above are
some examples. Your choice of adhesive/grout will depend on the type
of tile, the surface to be tiled onto and the environment the tiles will be
used in, if in any doubt telephone the BAL Technical Advisory Service for
further advice. |
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| Ceramic tiles are an ideal, hygienic choicefor floor tiling, in particular, in bathrooms, kitchens, hallways and conservatories. Floor tiles are hard wearing, durable and resilient. |
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THE BAL 10 YEAR GUARANTEE
BAL products* are supplied with the benefit of a
10 year product guarantee. For further details or copies
please contact the Company’s marketing department.
*Except BAL Tile Aftercare products. |
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Building Adhesives Limited,
Longton Road, Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 8JB, England.
Sales Tel: +44 (0) 1782 591160 Fax: +44 (0) 1782 591131
Technical Tel: +44 (0) 1782 591120 Fax: +44 (0) 1782 591121
www.building-adhesives.com
Unit 6, Plato Business Park, Damastown Industrial Estate,
Damastown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
Tel: +353 (0) 1 822 2776 Fax: +353 (0) 1 822 2777 |
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Note:
The customer must verify the suitability of any information, opinion, recommendation or advice (“Information”) provided by the
Company for the particular application for which any goods are intended to be used and the Company accepts no liability (whether in
contract, tort or otherwise) Whatsoever for any loss, damage or expense arising from the misuse of any Information it supplies nor for
the use of any Information in or for applications which are unsuitable or inappropriate. Building Adhesives Limited operates a continuous
research and development programme and reserves the right to alter or to update Information from time to time.
© Copyright Building Adhesives Limited 2005 |
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Terracotta |
errazzo |
Marble |
Stone |
Slate |
Brick/Flagstone |
Encaustic Tiles |
| BAL Heavy Duty Tile Cleaner |
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| BAL Wax & Polish Remover |
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| BAL Epoxy Grout Remover |
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| BAL Impregnating Tile Sealer |
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| BAL Floor Tile Polish |
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| BAL Floor Tile Clean & Wax |
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| SURFACE PREPARATION |
| Substrate |
Prior to tiling |
| New concrete |
Leave for 6 weeks. |
| Existing ceramic or vinyl tiles |
Check tiles are firmly adhered to the subfloor and are free of dirt and grease. |
| Wooden floors |
Check floors are stable, rigid and capable of supporting
the additional load equired. There are a number of
methods for tiling onto wooden floors, one of the most
common is to overlay existing timber floor with WPB
or marine grade plywood at least 15mm thick, fully
screwed down at 300mm centres, then seal the edges
and under edges of the board with BAL Bond SBR.
Shower floors should be waterproofed by using BAL
WP1 Tanking System and grouted with an epoxy grout. |
| Tongue & Groove floorboards |
You may tile direct without overlaying, providing. BAL Fastflex is used and that all boards are stable
and are firmly screwed or screw nailed to the
supporting joists at 300mm centres. Leave new
boards for 2 weeks prior to tiling. Prime with 2 coats
of neat BAL Prime APD before tiling. |
| Floating chipboard or plywood floors |
Ensure that WPB, marine grade plywood or moisture resistant chipboard is used, then seal the edges and
under edges of the board with BAL Bond SBR.
If required, overlay with 15-18mm lywood. Use BAL
Fastflex for tiling directly onto the plywood/chipboard. |
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All floors must be level and free of any movement when walked on.
Check the floor tolerances using a straight edge. Lay at various points
around the floor. Ideally, there should be no more than a 3mm gap under
a 2m straightedge. The maximum tolerance is 6mm. Uneven solid surfaces
should be levelled with a levelling compound such as BAL Acrybase
(except timber floors). Surfaces must be smooth, flat and free from any
dirt or grease. |
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 SETTING OUT
As a general rule, tiling should
be set out from the centre of
the floor. This means that
there are two options:
1. either the centre of the tile
in the centre of the floor, or
2. the centre joint between
the two tiles positioned either
side of the centre line.
A measuring gauge will help you plan the position
of your tiles. To make a measuring gauge, take a
length of timber and mark the width of your tiles
including the spacers along it, remember floor tiles
require at least a 3mm grout joint, so use the correct
sized spacers. Use the measuring gauge to help you
set out the position of your tiles horizontally.
The measuring gauge will help you to avoid any
small difficult cuts, which will spoil the appearance.
 Check the squareness of the room. Mark a line along
the centre of the room lengthways and widthways.
Use your measuring gauge to view how the tiles will
work out from the centre line paying particular
attention to how they will look from the doorway.
The level of your floor will be raised when the tiles are
down, so remove all fixtures and fittings if possible.
 STARTING TILING
Mix the adhesive in accordance
with the mixing and application
instructions on the product
packaging. Always use the
recommended trowel, this will
ensure you achieve the best
coverage and that no voids are
left under the tile. Hold your
trowel at a 450 angle. |
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 Apply the adhesive to form
straight ribs. Apply an area
of adhesive to cover several tiles
but no more than you will be able
to tile within 20 minutes. If the
adhesive forms a skin before you
have managed to place a tile, take
off the adhesive and replace with
new. For small areas, if required,
apply a thicker layer (max. 2mm)
of adhesive where the floor dips.
 Press the tiles firmly and evenly into
the adhesive using a twisting action
to ensure that the adhesive forms a
strong bond to the back of the tile.
Place a spacer (min. 3mm) between
each tile to allow an even space for
the grout joint.
 Check with a spirit level whilst you
are tiling that the tile surface is flat.
Lift an odd tile to check the coverage
you are achieving is a solid bed of
adhesive on the back of the tile.
Clean off any adhesive, which has
formed on the surface of the tile
before it dries with a damp sponge
and remove any surplus from the
grout joints.
Floors should not be walked on for at
least 24 hours when using a standard
cementitious adhesive and 2-5 hours
when using a rapid setting adhesive.
CUTTING TILES
 Floor tiles are more difficult to cut thanwall tiles. When you need to cut a tile, mark the front of the tile and score the glazed side of the tile to break the glaze using a tile scriber and a rule or a combination cutter, or use a thin rail or a platform cutter. Tile nippers can be used to cut corners or curves out of tiles. For really awkward cuts it is often best to make a template out of card to guide you when cutting your tile. Some stockists may offer a tile cutting service for awkward cuts.
 GROUTING
If you have completed all
the tiling and allowed the
adhesive to dry out for the
required time, you are ready
to start grouting.
If you have chosen a
cementitious grout, use a
grout float to fill the joints.
Remove excess grout from the
tile surface with a grout float.
Clean off the grout with a
clean sponge working
diagonally across the tiles.
 When using an epoxy
grout, use an Epoxy Hard
Rubber Grout Float to fill
the joints. Prior to cleaning
off, emulsify the epoxy
residue with a damp
emulsifying pad and clean off
with a damp sponge. To
ensure there is no residue,
clean again within 24 hours
using an emulsifying pad and
clean water or mild detergent.
MOVEMENT JOINTS & SEALING
A perimeter minimum joint width of
6mm x 6mm cross section should be filled
with silicone sealant. On larger floor areas
an intermediate movement joint will be
required, check with the BAL Technical
Advisory Service.
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